The Big Picture of U.S. Agriculture with the 2022 Census

From a window atop my grandfather’s old barn, you can see my family’s whole farm, from the hay fields to the chicken houses to the pasture where the mama cows are grazing. I love watching the sunrise from there, taking in the big picture. But even from that bird’s eye view, I can only see so far. I can’t see across the country, my home state, or even my whole county. That’s where USDA comes in, bringing us all the big picture of U.S. agriculture with its Census of Agriculture. Every five years, this census offers a sweeping view of America’s farms and ranches, and yesterday, USDA released its latest data.

So, what did we learn about the farm landscape from the 2022 Census? A key takeaway is an overall decrease in the number of family farms across the country. While the number of producers held steady, the number of farms and ranches is down 7% from 2017. This decrease largely hit small- and medium-sized farms, with the number of large farms up slightly.

We have all seen the for-sale signs pop up across farmland, so this number is likely not a surprise to most farmers. From rapidly increasing regulatory requirements to inflation to skyrocketing labor costs, it’s getting harder for small- and medium-sized farms to hold on, and we’re starting to see an increase in consolidation of farms. This big picture from the Census of Ag should serve as a wakeup call to our lawmakers. These aren’t just statistics to farm and ranch families across the country: they are deeply personal stories of heartbreaking decisions. Farm and ranch families, and the men and women they employ, cannot hold on for long overdue reform on issues like the farm bill, tax reform, and farm labor—to name a few.

Now, it’s not just dark clouds on the horizon. I firmly believe we can find hope when we look at the big picture, and it’s no different here. I, for one, am encouraged by looking to the future with the growing number of beginning farmers. According to USDA, in 2022, the number of beginning farmers was just over 1 million. That’s up 11% from 2017. That said, the average age of a farmer ticked up again to 58, so we need to find ways to encourage more young people to get involved in farming or to come back to the farm. With expenses and high startup costs, such as interest rates up 43%, young farmers need more tools to keep them farming rather than obstacles that drive them out of business. We need to keep exploring ways to ensure that farming is economically sustainable for all farmers. The importance of the farm bill cannot be overstated here. So, I’ll say it again: we need a modernized farm bill in 2024, one that helps family farms stay in business during difficult times and keeps our food supply secure in all seasons.

The Census of Ag data isn’t just about the big picture, however. The census gets down in the weeds with 6 million data points. That level of detail (all confidential) is critical for USDA in their work to ensure farms of all sizes and types have the support they need. The big picture—and all the details in it—helps USDA allocate funds down to the county level to support farms and ranches of all types and sizes. In the days to come, you’ll also see insights from our team of economists as they dive into this important research. And you’ll see Farm Bureau employing USDA data along with our analysis throughout the year, from sharing the great strides farmers are making in sustainability to helping consumers better understand where their food comes from.

But none of this research and analysis would be possible without participation across the country by farmers and ranchers. The Census of Ag is another critical tool in sharing our farm and ranch stories. The big picture of agriculture should matter to all Americans, because we are all counting on the success of America’s farmers and ranchers.